IP addressing and Subnetting | CIDR | Subnet | TechTerms
IP addressing and Subnetting | CIDR | Subnet | TechTerms
Learn IPv4 addressing and subnetting. Understand CIDR and subnet in networking. Classless addressing assignment. Creating subnets from the allocated IP address space.
The network connecting the host interfaces and one router interface having the same IP address format is called subnet. In the global Internet, the IP addressing is handled by Classless Interdomain Routing or CIDR address assignment strategy.
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Content
5.549 -> We know that A host is connected to the Internet
via a communication link.
10.69 -> The boundary between the link and the host
is called an interface.
15.18 -> Typically, a host has only one interface.
19.09 -> On the other hand, a router has two or more
links, and thus two or more interfaces.
24.869 -> Both host and router send and receive IP datagrams
via these interfaces.
30.619 -> It is possible only if the interfaces have
their addresses.
36.59 -> The addresses they have are called IP addresses.
39.879 -> Thus, IP address is linked with the interface
and not with the host and router.
46.94 -> We know that the binary number system uses
two symbols – 0 and 1.
52.449 -> If I write a sequence of 0s and 1s, for example,
00100101, we say, it is 8-bit in length.
62.03 -> Similarly, the IPv4 address is 32-bit in length.
68.2 -> 8-bit represents 1 byte.
70.05 -> Therefore, IPv4 is 32 bit or 4 bytes in length.
75.71 -> Each byte is written in the form of decimal
numbers separated with dots.
81.72 -> This notation of IPv4 address is called dotted-decimal
notation.
85.84 -> Now, a portion of this IP address is determined
by the subnet to which the device is connected.
93.25 -> Consider a router is connected to six hosts
via Ethernet switch or wireless access point.
101.24 -> The router has three interfaces, and each
host has one interface.
107 -> Each interface has its IP address.
110.14 -> Please note that each host interface and the
router interface to which hosts are connected
116.86 -> has the same IP
address format.
121.71 -> The network connecting the host interfaces
and one router interface having the same IP
127.95 -> address format is called subnet, and here
it is represented as 223.1.1.0/24, where ‘/24’
138.9 -> is known as the subnet mask.
141.44 -> It means that all interfaces in this subnet
have same leftmost 24 bits.
145.7 -> Similarly, two other subnets are 223.1.2.0/24
and 223.1.3.0/24.
159.84 -> An organisation (company or academic institution)
has multiple subnets where each subnet has
163.95 -> a different address.
166.05 -> In the global Internet, the IP addressing
is handled by Classless Interdomain Routing
171.63 -> or CIDR address assignment strategy.
174.46 -> In CIDR addressing, the subnet address is
generalised to a.b.c.d/x, where ‘x’ indicates
180.6 -> the number of bits from left.
187.319 -> The first x-bits is called network prefix.
191.09 -> An organisation is assigned a range of IP
addresses with a common network prefix.
196.569 -> Here, ‘x’ = 20.
199.65 -> It means all devices within the organisation’s
network has the same leftmost ‘20’ bits
205.5 -> in their IP addresses.
207.58 -> Now, within the organisation, the remaining
‘32-20’, i.e. 12 bits can be used for
214.29 -> further subnetting.
215.7 -> In this way, an organisation can create multiple
subnets within the allocated IP address space.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqsXzkXfwRw